One of the city’s famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (Kapellbrücke), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century. Luzern was voted the fifth most popular tourism destination in the world in 2010 by Tripadvisor.

A rose by any other name would smell as sweet
- William Shakespeare

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You may want to take a closer look. I recently visited the fortress of Sighişoara, the so-called “birth place” of Dracula. Besides the fact that Dracula is nothing but a myth invented by Bram Stoker, actually Sighişoara is a German fortress with evidence of existence ever since 1191.

During the 12th century, German craftsmen and merchants known as the Transylvanian Saxons were sent to Transylvania to settle and defend the frontier across the Carpathians. By 1337 Sighişoara became a royal center for kings.

The city played an important strategic and commercial role at the edges of Central Europe for several centuries. The German artisans and craftsmen dominated the urban economy, as well as building the fortifications protecting it. It is estimated that during the 16th and the 17th centuries Sighişoara had as many as 15 guilds and 20 handicraft branches.

Sighişoara has preserved in an exemplary way the features of a small medieval fortified city, and it has been listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. In Eastern Europe, Sighişoara is one of the few fortified towns which are still inhabited.

In Roman times, the city was named Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis (after being capital of Hispania Citerior in the Republican era).

The Roman ruins of Tarraco have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Part of the bases of large Cyclopean walls near the Cuartel de Pilatos are thought to pre-date the Romans. The 2nd century amphitheatre, near the sea-shore, was extensively used as a quarry after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Throughout the town Latin, and even apparently Phoenician, inscriptions on the stones of the houses mark the material used for buildings in the town.

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The “Inverted Collar and Tie” you can see above is a sculpture designed in 1994 by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. The DG Bank (Deutsche Genossenschaftsbank) ordered the artwork in 1993 and it was made in California. The artwork is an ironic allusion to the business people wearing “collar and tie” who work in the Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank’s office tower and in the Frankfurt banking district around.

Stockholm’s core of the present Old Town (Gamla Stan) was built on the central island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid-13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, Stockholm Palace was erected in a baroque style. Storkyrkan Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 18th century.

During the 19th century and the age of industrialization Stockholm grew rapidly, with plans and architecture inspired by the large cities of the continent such as Berlin and Vienna. Notable works of this time period include public buildings such as the Royal Swedish Opera and private developments such as the luxury housing developments on Strandvägen.

Herr: es ist Zeit. Der Sommer war sehr groß.
Leg deinen Schatten auf die Sonnenuhren,
und auf den Fluren laß die Winde los.
Rainer Maria Rilke – Herbsttag

The essence of Wolsey — the plain English churchman who nevertheless made his sovereign the arbiter of Europe and who built and furnished Hampton Court to show foreign embassies that Henry VIII’s chief minister knew how to live as graciously as any cardinal in Rome.
Sir John Summerson – Architecture in Britain

In 1528, knowing that his enemies and the King were engineering his downfall, he passed the palace to the King as a gift. A gesture proven to be useless as Wolsey died the following year.

In 1604, the palace was the site of King James’ meeting with representatives of the English Puritans, known as the Hampton Court Conference; while agreement with the Puritans was not reached, the meeting led to James’s commissioning of the King James Version of the Bible.

King Charles II and his successor James II, visited Hampton Court, but did not prefer to reside there as, by current French court standards, Hampton Court appeared old-fashioned. It was in 1689, shortly after Louis XIV’s court had moved permanently to Versailles, that the palace’s antiquated state was addressed in order to emulate Versailles’ repetitive Baroque form. However, Hampton Court, unlike Versailles, is given an extra dimension by the contrast between the pink brick and the pale Portland stone quoins, frames and banding.

After the reign of George II, no monarch ever resided at Hampton Court. In 1838, during the reign of Queen Victoria, the restoration was completed and the palace opened to the public.